登革病毒单克隆中和抗体及其作用机制

Targets and mechanisms of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Dengue virus

摘要:

登革热是一种蚊媒传播的疾病，在热带及亚热带地区流行，由于全球人员流动的增加，其流行范围逐年扩大。登革病毒是登革热的病原体，通常4种血清型病毒共同流行，第一次病毒感染产生的交叉反应性抗体会给其他血清型继发性感染带来很大风险，目前还没有能提供完全保护的疫苗和抗病毒药物。近年来随着抗体技术的不断发展，研究者已分离出大量针对登革病毒的单克隆抗体，并通过基于结构的分析阐明了其中和表位。本文重点介绍了与登革病毒中和活性相关的关键表位，并对这些表位在疫苗设计和治疗性抗体药物开发中的应用前景进行了展望，有助于系统梳理登革病毒中和抗体的研究进展，为推动新型疫苗和抗体药物的研发提供了理论基础与技术指导。

Abstract:

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, with its prevalence expanding due to increased global travel. The dengue virus, the causative agent of dengue fever, often co-circulates in the form of four distinct serotypes. Cross-reactive antibodies generated during a primary infection pose a significant risk during secondary infections with different serotypes, and fully protective vaccines and antiviral drugs are yet to be developed. Over the past decade, advances in antibody technology have led to the isolation of numerous monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus, with their neutralizing epitopes elucidated through structure-based analyses. This review highlights the key epitopes associated with neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus and discusses their potential applications in vaccine design and therapeutic antibody development. This review helps systematically summarize the progress in dengue virus neutralizing antibody research, providing a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the development of novel vaccines and antibody therapeutics.