Abstract:NeoProtein is an emerging protein source developed through advanced biomanufacturing technologies, independent of traditional livestock or fisheries. With advantages such as resource efficiency, low-carbon sustainability, and high production efficiency, it holds potential to partially replace conventional animal protein and is becoming a key driver of economic growth. Its development is crucial for accelerating new quality productive forces, ensuring national food security, and implementing the “big food concept” strategy. This paper systematically analyzes the opportunities, challenges, and current status of NeoProtein, aiming to provide insights for industry research, policy formulation, and industrial practices, thereby promoting high-quality development in China’s NeoProtein industry.