基因编辑技术在植物病原真菌中的研究进展

Advances in the application of genome editing technologies in plant pathogenic fungi

摘要:

丝状真菌是一类形态多样、生态功能复杂的重要真核微生物，广泛存在于各种生态环境中。在农业生产中，部分丝状真菌作为主要植物病原真菌，不仅造成作物的产量损失，还会产生真菌毒素威胁农产品质量与安全。近年来，CRISPR/Cas系统作为一种高效、可编程的基因编辑工具，突破了传统遗传操作技术的局限，被广泛应用于植物病原真菌的相关研究。该技术的应用显著推进了对植物病原真菌致病机制的解析、毒素合成通路与关键基因功能研究、抗药性机制的探讨以及病原菌快速检测技术的发展。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas系统的发展及其在植物病原真菌中构建与应用的关键技术，并展望了其未来的发展潜力。随着基因编辑工具的不断迭代升级，适配真菌特性的编辑系统不断涌现并持续完善，不仅有望进一步拓展真菌功能基因组学研究，也将在农业实践中展现出促进抗病育种和推动绿色防控策略创新的重要价值。

Abstract:

Filamentous fungi represent an important group of eukaryotic microorganisms with diverse ecological functions and ubiquitous distribution in various ecosystems. Among them, many species are closely associated with agriculture, functioning as major plant pathogens that cause yield losses and produce mycotoxins to compromise both the quality and safety of agricultural products. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a powerful and programmable genome editing tool, and it has been extensively applied to the genetic study of plant pathogenic fungi. This technology has greatly facilitated the investigation of pathogenic mechanisms, mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways and key gene functions, antifungal resistance, and rapid pathogen detection. This review summarizes the development of CRISPR/Cas systems and the key strategies for their application in plant pathogenic fungi and makes an outlook on the practical deployment. With the continuous advancement of gene editing technologies, emerging fungal-adapted editing systems hold great promise for advancing functional genomics and enabling innovations in disease-resistant breeding and sustainable crop protection.