低分子量透明质酸合成研究进展

Progress in the synthesis of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid

摘要:

透明质酸(hyaluronic acid, HA)是d-葡萄糖醛酸与N-乙酰葡萄糖胺组成的高聚合线性多糖，不同分子量的透明质酸功能也大不相同。低分子量HA在医疗领域的应用日益广泛，可作为靶向抗肿瘤药物的载体、生产各种伤口敷料、应用于药物传递系统等，具有良好的市场前景与应用价值。本文全面梳理了近年来低分子量透明质酸的研究进展，例如传统的物理、化学降解法制备低分子量透明质酸，诱变育种获得生产低分子量HA的新菌株等，深入探讨了新兴的合成生物学策略在其生产中的应用，例如透明质酸合酶改造、合成代谢途径调控改变底物平衡等，同时指出了当前研究中的难点和挑战。本文为低分子量透明质酸的高效生产提供了新的思路和方法。

Abstract:

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a highly polymerized linear polysaccharide composed of d-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights exhibits various functions. With the advancements of science and technology, low molecular weight HA has been increasingly employed in the medical field. For example, it can serve as a carrier for targeted anti-tumor drugs, production of wound dressings, and drug delivery systems, demonstrating a broad market prospect and a high application value. This paper comprehensively reviewed the research progress in low molecular weight HA in recent years, encompassing the preparation of low molecular weight HA by physical and chemical degradation methods and the mutation breeding of new strains for the production of low molecular weight HA. In addition, this paper discussed in depth the application of emerging strategies of synthetic biology in the production of low molecular weight HA, such as the modification of hyaluronan synthase and the regulation of substrate balance via manipulating the synthetic metabolic pathway. This paper aims to provide new ideas and methods for the efficient production of low molecular weight HA and point out the challenges to be addressed in the future research.