混合微生物体系降解多环芳烃研究进展

Research progress in degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by mixed microbial consortia

摘要:

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)指含2个或2个以上苯环的芳烃，其致癌、致突变、致畸作用引起了严重的环境问题。微生物降解作为PAHs污染的修复方式之一，具有成本低、效率高、环境友好等优点。而相比于传统的单一菌株降解，混合微生物体系通常降解效果更好，适应性和抗逆性更强。本文综述了从自然环境中获得的各种PAHs降解天然混菌体系以及基于不同单菌成员的降解或其他特性构建的人工混菌体系，对各混菌体系的条件优化方法以及对实际污染场地进行修复的研究进展，并对混合微生物体系降解多环芳烃的未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with two or more benzene rings have caused serious environmental problems due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties. Microbial degradation is one of the methods for the remediation of PAH contamination, offering advantages such as low costs, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Compared with single strains in degradation, mixed microbial consortia exhibit improved degradation performance, adaptability, and resistance to adverse conditions. This paper reviews various natural PAH-degrading mixed microbial consortia obtained from natural environments, as well as artificially constructed mixed microbial consortia based on the degradation capabilities or other characteristics of different individual strains. It also discusses the optimization methods for these consortia and the research progress in their application to the remediation of actual contaminated sites. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on the future development of mixed microbial systems for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.