小麦氮素利用效率研究进展

Research progress on nitrogen use efficiency of wheat

摘要:

氮素利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency, NUE)是小麦高产与资源可持续利用的关键指标。本文总结了近年来小麦氮素利用效率的研究进展，聚焦基因型差异、生理机制、分子调控及栽培管理措施，分析了氮素吸收、转运、同化与再分配的关键调控节点，并总结了当前研究的瓶颈与未来方向。结合新型生物技术手段与精准农艺管理，提出协同提升小麦产量与氮素利用效率的策略，为氮高效品种选育及绿色生产提供理论支持。

Abstract:

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a pivotal indicator for achieving high wheat yields and sustainable resource utilization. This paper reviews recent research advances in the NUE of wheat, emphasizing genotypic variations, physiological mechanisms, molecular regulation, and agronomic management practices. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the critical regulatory nodes in nitrogen uptake, transport, assimilation, and redistribution, summarizes the current research bottlenecks, and makes an outlook on the future research directions. We then propose a strategy integrating emerging biotechnologies with precision agronomic management to enhance both wheat yields and NUE. This review aims to offer a theoretical framework for breeding nitrogen-efficient wheat cultivars and promoting the eco-friendly production of wheat.