芽孢杆菌几种重要抗菌脂肽研究进展

Advances in several important antimicrobial lipopeptids from Bacillus spp.

摘要:

多种芽孢杆菌为益生菌，能分泌多种天然抗菌活性物质，其中脂肽是重要的一类。目前已鉴定的脂肽约有90多种，多数为环脂肽。脂肽中表面活性素（surfactin）、伊枯草菌素（iturin）、芬原素（fengycin）、杆菌霉素（bacillomycin）、多粘菌素（polymyxins）等是研究最广泛的脂肽。其中surfactin、iturin、fengycin由于其具有表面活性剂特性及抗真菌、抗细菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗炎症等功能，应用潜力巨大。本文对surfactin、iturin及fengycin的结构、功能、合成调控及其分离纯化和生产等方面的研究进展进行了评述。合成生物学是提高脂肽产量的重要手段，未来脂肽可用于种植业、养殖业、食品、医药、石油工业和环保等领域，因此需要在新型脂肽的发现、高产活性脂肽的生产、脂肽低廉生产技术的研发及安全性的评估等方面加强研究。

Abstract:

Bacillus spp. are probiotics and can secrete a variety of natural antimicrobiol active substances, of which lipopeptides are an important class. Up to now, about 90 lipopeptides have been identified, and most of them are cyclic lipopeptides. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, bacillomycin and polymyxins are widely studied, and the first three have huge potential for application due to their properties of surfactants and anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory functions. In this paper, the research progress in the structure, function, synthesis regulation, separation, purification and production of surfactin, iturin and fengycin was reviewed. Synthetic biology is a vital means to increase the yield of lipopeptides, and in the future, lipopeptides can be used in crop cultivation, animal farming, food, medicine and petroleum industries as well as environmental protection. Future research should be strengthened on the discovery of new lipopeptides, synthesis of high-activity lipopeptides, economical production of lipopeptides on a large scale and their safety evaluation.