聚乙烯塑料生物降解研究进展

Polyethylene biodegradation: current status and perspectives

摘要:

聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)塑料是全球通用合成树脂中产量最丰富的品种，也是最难降解的塑料之一，其在环境中大量积累已造成严重的生态污染。传统的垃圾填埋、堆肥和焚烧处理技术难以满足生态环境的保护要求，生物降解是解决塑料污染问题的一种生态友好、成本低廉、前景可期的方法。本文对PE塑料的化学结构、降解微生物的种类、降解酶和代谢途径等方面进行了综述，结合国内外PE塑料生物降解的前沿和热点问题，建议重点开展高效降解菌株筛选、人工合成菌群构建、降解酶的挖掘与改造等方面的研究，为PE塑料生物降解研究提供路径选择和理论借鉴。

Abstract:

Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundantly used synthetic resin and one of the most resistant to degradation, and its massive accumulation in the environment has caused serious pollution. Traditional landfill, composting and incineration technologies can hardly meet the requirements of environmental protection. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly, low-cost and promising method to solve the plastic pollution problem. This review summarizes the chemical structure of PE, the species of PE degrading microorganisms, degrading enzymes and metabolic pathways. Future research is suggested to focus on the screening of high-efficiency PE degrading strains, the construction of synthetic microbial consortia, the screening and modification of degrading enzymes, so as to provide selectable pathways and theoretical references for PE biodegradation research.