氨基酸高产菌株创制的关键技术

Engineering of microorganisms for high production of amino acids

摘要:

氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单元，被广泛应用于食品、医药、饲料和化工等多个领域。利用微生物细胞工厂生产氨基酸，具备原料可再生、生产过程条件温和、产品纯度高、环境污染小等优点，能够助力实现碳中和。借助代谢工程和合成生物学技术，对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)进行定向设计、改造与优化，创制了高产氨基酸的微生物细胞工厂，实现了支链氨基酸、天冬氨酸族氨基酸、谷氨酸族氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸的生物炼制。本文对高产氨基酸的大肠杆菌细胞工厂和谷氨酸棒杆菌细胞工厂创制过程进行分析，以期对高性能微生物细胞工厂的创制提供参考。

Abstract:

Amino acids as the building blocks of proteins are widely applied in food, medicine, feed, and chemical industries. Amino acid production by microbial cell factories from renewable resources is praised for the environmental friendliness, mild reaction conditions, and high product purity, which helps to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Researchers have employed the methods of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to engineer Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum and optimized the culture conditions to construct the microbial cell factories with high performance for producing branched chain amino acids, amino acids of the aspartic acid and glutamic acid families, and aromatic amino acids. We review the engineering process of microbial cell factories for high production of amino acids, in the hope of providing a reference for the creation of high-performance microbial cell factories.