污水脱氮人工多细胞体系的设计与应用

Design and application of artificial multicellular systems for nitrogen removal from wastewater

摘要:

氮素的过量累积是引起水体富营养化的重要因素，开发廉价高效的污水脱氮工艺是水质净化研究的重要内容。微生物脱氮处理成本低、效率较高、环境适应性强，已广泛应用于水质脱氮的净化处理。近年来，基于合成生物技术的人工多细胞体系由于其独特的可定义性及可控性，分解代谢路径和环境响应机制较天然菌群更为明确，能够实现低细胞代谢负荷下高效脱氮，在垃圾渗滤液、工业废水、海水养殖废水和生活污水的生物净化处理中具有广泛的应用潜力。本文聚焦污水脱氮人工多细胞体系的设计、构建与应用，总结了脱氮微生物及其脱氮机制，概括了人工多细胞体系的设计思路与构建方法，并列举了人工多细胞体系在污水净化的应用案例，对污水脱氮未来研究和应用实践进行了展望，以期为优化微生物污水脱氮处理提供新的思路和有效策略。

Abstract:

Excessive accumulation of nitrogen is a major cause of water eutrophication. Developing an inexpensive and efficient nitrogen removal technology is therefore essential for wastewater purification. The microbial technology for nitrogen removal has been widely used for its low cost, high efficiency, and strong environmental adaptability. Most recently, with the advances in synthetic biotechnology, artificial multicellular systems have been sufficiently developed and exhibited unique definability and controllability. Compared with those in the natural microbial consortia, the nitrogen removal pathways and environmental response mechanisms are easy to be clarified in the artificial multicellular systems, which allow for efficient nitrogen removal under low cellular metabolic loading. Therefore, artificial multicellular systems demonstrate great application potential in the purification of wastewater, including landfill leachate, industrial wastewater, seawater aquaculture wastewater, and domestic sewage. We focused on the design, building, and application of artificial multicellular systems for nitrogen removal from wastewater. Specifically, we summarized the functional microorganisms and their nitrogen removal mechanisms, introduced the design principles and building methods of artificial multicellular systems, illustrated the application of artificial multicellular systems with examples, and prospected the future research trend in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The conclusion is expected to provide new insights and efficient strategies for optimizing the microbial nitrogen removal from wastewater.