前列腺癌生物标志物研究进展

Advances in prostate cancer biomarkers

摘要:

前列腺癌是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，对男性健康构成严重威胁。前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen, PSA)检测、前列腺活检、磁共振成像等检测方法被广泛用于前列腺癌筛查，但特异性低且成本和风险均较高。因此，亟须开发特异性高、成本低、易于获取且稳定可靠的生物标志物，并以此为基础建立新型前列腺癌无创筛查和诊断方法。本文综述了前列腺癌生物标志物与联合检测方法用于前列腺癌诊断和预后评估的最新进展，并对不同的生物标志物和联合检测方法进行了深入的分析和比较，同时指出了未来研究的方向和挑战。本文强调开发高效、低成本且易于实施的生物标志对提高前列腺癌的早期诊断率、改善患者预后、降低医疗资源浪费的重要性，为前列腺癌的早期诊断、精准治疗和预后评估提供了重要的理论依据和技术指导，对于促进前列腺癌的临床研究和实践具有重要的参考价值。

Abstract:

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men and posing a serious threat to men’s health. Detection methods such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate biopsy, and magnetic resonance imaging are widely used for prostate cancer screening, but they have low specificity, high cost, and significant risks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop highly specific, low-cost, easily obtained, stable, and reliable biomarkers, and use them as the basis to establish non-invasive screening and diagnostic methods for prostate cancer. This paper reviewed the recent advances in the use of prostate cancer biomarkers and combined detection methods for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis assessment and provides an in-depth analysis and comparison of different biomarkers and combined detection methods, as well as points out the directions and challenges for future research. The paper emphasizes the importance of developing efficient, cost-effective and easy-to-implement biomarkers to increase the early diagnosis rate of prostate cancer, improve patient prognosis, and reduce the waste of healthcare resources. This paper provides an important theoretical basis and technical guidance for early diagnosis, precise treatment and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer, and has important reference value for promoting clinical research and practice of prostate cancer.