Advances in epigenetic regulation of the dioxygenase TET1

Abstract:

Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) protein is an alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) and Fe²⁺-dependent dioxygenase. It plays a role in the active demethylation of DNA by hydroxylation of 5-methyl-cytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmC). Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) protein is involved in maintaining genome methylation homeostasis and epigenetic regulation. Abnormally expressed TET1 and 5-mC oxidative derivatives have become potential markers in various biological and pathological processes and a research focus in the fields of embryonic development and malignant tumors. This paper introduces the structure and demethylation mechanism of TET1, reviews the research status of epigenetic regulation by TET1 in embryonic development, immune responses, stem cell regulation, cancer progression, and nervous system development, and briefs the upstream regulatory mechanism of TET1, hoping to provide new inspirations for further research in related fields.