Recent advances in pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes and their applications

Abstract:

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, is an important coenzyme in various enzyme-catalyzed reactions. PLP-dependent enzymes can catalyze a variety of chemical reactions, such as racemization, decarboxylation, β-addition, β-elimination, retro-aldol cleavage, transamination, and α-elimination. They are biologically synthesized a powerful tool for a variety of natural amino acids, non-natural amino acids and their related compounds. This article details the structural features and catalytic mechanisms of typical PLP-dependent enzymes such as ω-transaminase, lysine decarboxylase, threonine aldolase, and L-tyrosine phenol-lyase, and reviews the research progress in molecular modification and industrial applications of these enzymes. Finally, this article provides an outlook on the future development of PLP-dependent enzymes, including in vivo regeneration system and industrial applications of PLP cofactors, and discusses the tremendous potential of these enzymes in biocatalytic applications.