体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向多巴胺神经元分化的研究

Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Dopaminergenic Neurons in vitro

摘要:

通过体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs)向多巴胺(dopamine, DA)神经元分化，探讨人BMSCs来源的DA神经元的功能特征及其分化机制，为临床上细胞移植替代治疗诸如帕金森氏病(parkinson's disease, PD)等神经精神性疾病提供一种理想的细胞来源。通过密度梯度离心获取人骨髓中的单个核细胞，贴壁培养纯化BMSCs。50μmol/L脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophy factor, BDNF)，10μmol/L forskolin(FSK)和10μmol/L DA联合对BMSCs进行诱导。电子显微镜观察诱导2周后细胞是否具有神经元的超微结构特点；免疫细胞化学染色和RT-PCR检测DA神经元分化过程中的标志物酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH）的表达以及转录因子Nurr1、Ptx3和Lmx1b的表达；高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatogram, HPLC）检测诱导2周后的细胞多巴胺的释放水平。 结果表明，诱导2周后，电镜下细胞胞浆中有大量密集的呈扁平囊状的粗面内质网及其间的一些游离核糖体以及神经微丝的形成。RT-PCR结果显示NSE(neuron specific enolase)、Nurr1、Ptx3、Lmx1b和TH的mRNA均有表达；免疫细胞化学染色结果表明诱导2周后TH阳性细胞(24.80±3.36）%的表达较诱导3d后(3.77±1.77)%明显提高(P<0.01）；HPLC检测到诱导2周后的细胞DA释放水平［(1.22±0.36)μg/mL(n＝6)］高于未经诱导的细胞［(0.75±0.22)μg/mL(n＝6) (t＝－2.79，P＝0.038)］。 由此得出，BDNF、FSK和DA可以在体外诱导人BMSCs向DA神经元分化，并具有DA神经元的功能特征，是临床用于治疗神经精神性疾病的理想细胞来源。

Abstract:

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons play an essential role in modulating motor control. Defects in central DA neurons affect a wide range of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). The greatest motivation in the field has been the potential use of DA neurons for cell transplantation therapy in Parkinsonian patients. Recent studies indicated that BMSCs could differentiate into DA neurons in vitro as neural stem cells (NSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) could. However, there are no direct evidences about functional DA neurons derived from BMSCs. According to the protocols which had been applicated in inducing neuronal stem cells and embryonic stem cells differentiate into DA neurons in vitro, the present study provides a protocol by using 50 μmol/L brain derived neurotrophy factor (BDNF), 10 μmol/L forskolin (FSK) and 10 μmol/L dopamine (DA) to induce BMSCs differentiate into DA neurons. After 2 weeks of differentiation, the cells expressed the character of neurons in ultrastructure. RT-PCR discovered mRNA of NSE(neuron specific enolase), Nurr1, Ptx3, Lmx1b and Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were positive. Immunocytochemistry staining indicated the ratio of TH-positive neural cells was significantly increased after induced 2 weeks(24.80±3.36)% compared to that of induction of 3 days(3.77±1.77)%. And the DA release was also different between differentiated and undifferentiated cells detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). That is to say BDNF and FSK and DA can induce BMSCs differentiate into DA neurons in vitro, and the transdifferentiated cells express mature neurons characters. BMSCs might be a suitable and available source for the in vitro derivation of DA neurons and cell transplantation therapy in some central neural system diseases such as PD.