生物制造技术在聚合物驱油应用中的研究进展

Application of biomanufacturing in polymer flooding

摘要:

我国原油对外依存度高，强化原油自给是保障国家能源稳定与持续发展的关键环节。三次采油技术特别是聚合物驱技术已在我国大型油田中实现了广泛应用，其可以在水驱基础上增加15%−20%的采收率。然而，目前广泛应用的驱油聚合物具有不耐温耐盐、单体合成路径复杂、不环保的问题，且聚合物驱后会造成油藏低渗层段孔隙堵塞、非均质性加剧、剩余油资源高度分散、注入井压力升高、注入介质低效循环等问题，制约了聚合物驱后老油田的后续采收。本文通过系统调研分析聚合物驱技术发展历史及现状，创新生物制造技术制备开发驱油聚合物及其单体或单体原料的生物合成技术，以及实现复合驱低成本生物基化学品原料的绿色生物制造，深入研究微生物发酵产物与聚合物驱技术之间的关联，结合微生物制备生物酶用于聚合物生产及聚合物驱后解堵以及微生物代谢产物生物表面活性剂、有机酸、有机醇、生物气、氨基酸等对聚合物驱和聚合物驱后提升油藏采收率的系统讨论分析，提出聚合物驱及聚合物驱后未来发展路径，为保证我国原油高产稳产提供了重要参考。

关键词:聚合物驱油;生物制造;丙烯酰胺基聚合物;生物聚合物;生物表面活性剂

Abstract:

In China, the crude oil supply is highly dependent on overseas countries, and thus strengthening crude oil self-sufficiency has become an important issue of the national energy security. Tertiary oil recovery, especially polymer flooding, has been widely applied in large oil fields in China, which can increase the recovery rate by 15%–20% compared with water flooding. However, the widely used oil flooding polymers show poor thermal stability and salinity tolerance, complicated synthesis ways of monomers, and environmental unfriendliness. Moreover, the polymer flooding induces problems including pore plugging, heterogeneity intensification, high dispersion of remaining oil resources, pressure rise in injection wells, and low efficiency circulation of injection medium, which restrict the subsequent recovery of old oil fields. Here, we systematically review the developing and current situations of polymer flooding, introduce the innovative biomanufacturing of oil flooding polymers and their monomers or precursors as well as low-cost bio-based chemical raw materials for multiple compound flooding. The comprehensive study of the relationships between microbial fermentation metabolites and polymer flooding will reveal the green and low-carbon paths for polymer flooding. Such study will enable the application of enzymes produced by microorganisms in polymer production and polymer plugging removal after polymer flooding as well as the application of microbial metabolites such as biosurfactants, organic acids, alcohols, biogas, and amino acids in enhancing oil recovery. This review suggests that incorporating biomanufacturing into polymer flooding will ensure the high productivity and stability for crude oil production in China.

Key words:polymer flooding;biomanufacturing;acrylamide-based polymers;biopolymers;biosurfactants