石油烃污染物降解菌株耐受性的研究进展

Research progress in tolerance of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant-degrading strains

摘要:

石油烃污染已成为全球环境问题之一，对环境和人类健康造成严重威胁。在石油烃污染环境修复过程中，微生物修复起着至关重要的作用。然而，被石油烃污染的环境中存在着多种胁迫因素，这些因素限制了微生物修复的效率。本文综述了石油烃污染环境中常见的胁迫因素，以及微生物对这些因素的响应机制，重点探讨了提高石油烃降解微生物耐受性的方法，如非理性改造、基于系统生物学工具或耐受机制进行理性改造、构建微生物混菌体系等。这些方法的应用有望提高微生物在石油烃污染环境中的生存能力和修复效率，为环境修复提供新的思路和技术支持。

关键词:石油烃污染;环境修复;胁迫响应;微生物耐受性

Abstract:

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution has become one of the global environmental problems, posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. Microbial remediation plays an important role in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environment. Nevertheless, the stress factors present in the environment polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons limit the effectiveness of microbial remediation. This paper reviews the common stress factors in petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted environment and the response mechanisms of microorganisms to these factors. Furthermore, we introduce the methods to improve microbial tolerance, such as irrational modification, rational modification based on systems biology tools or tolerance mechanisms, and the construction of microbial consortia. The application of these methods is expected to improve the viability and remediation efficiency of microorganisms in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environment and provide new perspectives and technical support for environmental remediation.

Key words:petroleum hydrocarbon pollution;environmental remediation;stress responses;microbial tolerance