细胞工厂能量代谢设计研究进展

Research progress in energy metabolism design of cell factories

摘要:

能量代谢调控在代谢工程领域发挥重要作用，主要通过调控细胞内ATP、还原型电子载体的供给强度和方式来实现物质和能量代谢的平衡或物质和能量利用最大化。能量代谢既可以通过改变物质代谢流分配提升生产效率，也可以通过改变酶催化反应的热力学参数，影响反应平衡减少能量消耗，从而降低生产成本。因此能量代谢调控有望成为微生物细胞工厂改造的有力工具，用于提高细胞生产目标代谢物的生产能力，降低生产成本。本文重点论述了目前常用能量代谢调控方式及其对细胞工厂的影响，为微生物细胞工厂的高效构建提供了参考。

关键词:细胞工厂;能量代谢设计;底物水平磷酸化;氧化磷酸化

Abstract:

Energy metabolism regulation plays a pivotal role in metabolic engineering. It mainly achieves the balance of material and energy metabolism or maximizes the utilization of materials and energy by regulating the supply intensity and mode of ATP and reducing electron carriers in cells. On the one hand, the production efficiency can be increased by changing the distribution of material metabolic flow. On the other hand, the thermodynamic parameters of enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be altered to affect the reaction balance, and thus the production costs are reduced. Therefore, energy metabolism regulation is expected to become a favorable tool for the modification of microbial cell factories, thereby increasing the production of target metabolites and reducing production costs. This article introduces the commonly used energy metabolism regulation methods and their effects on cell factories, aiming to provide a reference for the efficient construction of microbial cell factories.

Key words:cell factory;energy metabolism design;substrate level phosphorylation;oxidative phosphorylation