微生物细胞代谢与环境适应调控研究进展

Advances in the regulation of microbial cell metabolism and environmental adaptation

摘要:

感应代谢与环境变化并做出自适应调控是细胞生命活动的关键。近年来，随着合成生物学技术的进步，越来越多的细胞感知代谢和环境差异的机制被揭示，同时相关应用也日益广泛。然而，目前缺乏关于细胞代谢与环境适应调控的研究的系统性综述。本文介绍了细胞感知代谢和环境差异的关键跨膜蛋白及感应蛋白；总结了细胞在应对胞内外代谢差异时的天然自适应调控机制；从动态调控、理性代谢工程改造和适应性进化这3个方面探讨了基于细胞自适应调控的应用场景，并展望未来的发展方向。本文不仅为细胞感知代谢和环境变化的机制研究提供了系统性视角，还为合成生物学领域的进一步创新应用奠定了理论基础。随着未来技术的不断发展，深入理解细胞自适应调控机制有望推动新型生物制造平台的开发与应用。

关键词:细胞;感应;代谢;环境;自适应调控

Abstract:

The ability of cells to sense and adapt to metabolic changes and environmental variations is essential for their functions. Recent advances in synthetic biology have uncovered increasing mechanisms through which cells detect changes in metabolism and environmental conditions, leading to broader applications. However, a systematic review on the regulation of cellular metabolism and environmental adaption is currently lacking. This article presents a comprehensive overview of this field from three perspectives. First, it introduces key transmembrane and sensor proteins involved in the cellular perception of metabolic and environmental changes. Next, it summarizes the adaptive regulation mechanisms that natural cells employ when confronted with intracellular and extracellular metabolic changes. Finally, the review explores the application scenarios based on cellular adaptive regulation in three aspects: dynamic control, rational metabolic engineering, and adaptive evolution and makes an outlook on the future development directions in this field. This review not only provides a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms by which cells sense metabolic and environmental variations, but also lays a theoretical foundation for further innovations in the field of synthetic biology. With the continuous advancement of future technologies, a deeper understanding of cellular adaptive regulation mechanisms holds great potential to drive the development and application of novel biomanufacturing platforms.

Key words:cell;sensing;metabolism;environment;adaptive regulation