植物脂肪氧化酶的研究进展

Advances in plant lipoxygenases research

摘要:

植物脂肪氧化酶(LOX)是一个多基因家族, 是由单一的多肽链组成的含有非血红素铁、不含硫的过氧化物酶。LOX催化具有顺, 顺-1, 4-戊二烯结构的多元不饱和脂肪酸的双加氧反应。植物中, 不同脂肪氧化酶的最适pH、pI、底物和产物特异性、时空表达特性、亚细胞定位等存在差异。LOX参与的生理过程涉及损伤、病原攻击、种子萌芽、果实熟化、植物衰老、脱落酸和茉莉酸合成, LOX也在正常的植物生长和生殖生长过程中作为营养储藏蛋白, 参与脂类迁移、响应营养胁迫、调节“源”与“库”的分配。对LOX家族的深入理解，将有助于LOX在作物新品种的选育、新型植保素的开发、食品加工等方面得到广泛的应用。

Abstract:

Lipoxygenases (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12; LOXs) are encoded by a multi-gene family in plants. The LOXs are monomeric non-heme, non-sulfur iron dioxygenases, which catalyze the incorporation of molecular oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1, 4-pentadiene moiety. The LOX isoforms are distinguished by differences in optimum pH of the reaction, pI, substrate and product specificity, spatial and temporal expression, and subcellular localization. The function of various LOXs in plants has been suggested. Some of the physiological processes in which lipoxygenases have been implicated include wounding, pathogen attack, seed germination, fruit ripening, plant senescence, and synthesis of Abscisic acid (ABA) and Jasmonic acid (JA). During normal vegetative and reproductive growth, lipoxygenases have also been suggested to act as vegetative storage proteins, participate in transference of lipoid, and response to nutrient stress and source/sink relationships. Significant progress in understanding LOX families will be beneficial to the application of the LOX in crop breeding, research on new-type phytoalexin and food industry.