反向遗传学技术在猪瘟病毒研究中的应用

Applications of reverse genetics in studying classical swine fever virus

摘要:

猪瘟目前在许多国家流行并对养猪业造成巨大损失。虽然常规疫苗(如中国猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗, 即C株)在猪瘟防控中发挥巨大作用, 但近年来在猪瘟防控中出现的新情况, 如非典型感染、持续性感染及免疫失败等; 同时目前世界上许多国家正开展的猪瘟扑灭计划使得弱毒疫苗的应用受到很大限制。因此, 加强猪瘟病毒在致病机理、传播机制等方面的研究以及加快新型猪瘟疫苗的开发是当务之急。近年来, 反向遗传学技术的发展为猪瘟病毒基因功能研究和疫苗制备方面开辟了新思路。以下回顾了反向遗传操作技术在猪瘟病毒基因功能研究与标记疫苗株构建方面的研究进展, 同时提出了该领域目前面临的问题, 并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), has been epidemic or endemic in many countries, and causes great economical losses to pig industry worldwide. Attenuated vaccines (such as C-strain) have played an important role in the control of CSF. Recently some new phenomena appear, such as atypical and persistent infections of CSF, immunization failure and so on. Meanwhile, eradication programs have been implemented in many countries, restricting the widespread applications of attenuated vaccines. Thus, currently the priority is to strengthen the research in pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, as well as to develop marker vaccines. Recently, the applications of reverse genetics technology open up a new way for research of structure and function of CSFV proteins and development of novel vaccines against CSF. This review focuses on the progress of applications of reverse genetics in the functional analysis and marker vaccine development of CSFV, and also discusses the problems confronted now and prospective aspects in the study of CSFV.