植物Ⅲ型聚酮合酶的分子机制与应用前景

A comprehensive overview of type Ⅲ polyketide synthases from plants: molecular mechanism and application perspective– a review

摘要:

植物III型聚酮合酶能催化生成一系列结构各异、具有不同生理活性、包含查耳酮合酶基本骨架的植物次生代谢产物, 这类次生代谢产物不仅使植物体本身的抗逆性提高, 并且对人类健康医疗有很好的应用前景。以下综述了近年来从植物中克隆、鉴定III型聚酮合酶的研究进展, 着重论述了其分子结构、催化反应的类型和机制、表达调控及其在转基因工程方面的研究和应用前景。这些研究将为有效地对其进行基因改造, 合成一些难以化学合成的新型天然化合物奠定基础, 并且为将来进一步开展III型聚酮合酶的转基因工程提供了参考。

Abstract:

Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) from plants produce a variety of plant secondary metabolites with notable structural diversity and biological activity. These metabolites not only afford plants the ability to defend against pathogen attack and other external stresses, but also exhibit a wide range of biological effects on human health. Several plant PKSs have been identified and studied in recent years. This paper summarized what was known about plant PKSs and some of their aspects such as molecular structure, reaction mechanisms, gene expression and regulation, and transgenic engineering. The review provides information for manipulating polyketide formation and further increasing the scope of polyketide biosynthetic diversity, as well as new avenues for developing transgenic engineering of type Ⅲ PKSs.