生物燃气技术及工程的发展现状

Progress of biogas technology and engineering

摘要:

生物燃气俗称沼气，是微生物群体在厌氧条件下协同发酵可降解有机废弃物的产物，传统能源供应的萎缩和增加可再生能源在能源消费中份额的需求使沼气的重要性越来越突出。经过不断研究与工程实践，已经开发出了不同的发酵工艺处理生活垃圾和工农业生产废弃物等有机质生产生物燃气，其中全混式中温发酵占主导地位，欧洲的技术处于领先水平，特别是德国的沼气发电、热电联产。本文结合作者多年沼气研究积累的经验，综述了沼气技术的最新进展，包括厌氧发酵菌群、消化反应器结构和发酵工艺，沼气生产和应用等，指出了今后发展的重点和方向。

Abstract:

Dwindling supplies of conventional energy sources and the demand to increase the share of renewable energy for sustainability have increased the significance of biogas, the product of synergistic fermentation of biodegrable organic wastes from municipal, agricultural and industrial activities by microbial populations under anaerobic conditions. With extensive research and engineering practice, many technologies and modes have been developed for biogas production and application. Currently, the most widely used mode is the complete-mixing mesophilic fermentation. Europe, especially Germany, is leading the world in the combined heat and power production (CHP) from biogas. In this paper, updated progress in biogas technologies is reviewed, with focuses on anaerobic microorganisms, bioreactor configurations and process development, biogas production and applications, in which perspectives of biogas as a clean and renewable energy are projected.