高山被孢霉产花生四烯酸及其遗传改造的研究进展

Progress in production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella alpina and genetic modification

摘要:

花生四烯酸作为一种重要的多价不饱和脂肪酸，因其具有多种生理功能而被认为是潜在的食品添加剂和药物。近年来，利用高山被孢霉合成花生四烯酸已成为研究热点。前期相关研究主要集中在菌种选育及发酵调控方面。随着研究的不断深入，关于高山被孢霉合成花生四烯酸的代谢途径的研究取得了较大进展。以下简要概述前期工作进展，着重论述花生四烯酸合成途径的关键酶及其高山被孢霉的遗传改造的研究情况，包括生物合成花生四烯酸代谢途径、关键酶及其应用、高山被孢霉的遗传操作系统的构建以及遗传改造的应用，并对其研究前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Arachidonic acid, as an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, is identified as potential food additives or pharmaceuticals for their biological activities. In recent years, arachidonic acid production by Mortierella alpina is becoming a research highlight. The prophase relevant researches focused on the mutagenic breeding and fermentation optimization. With the depth of investigation, the advancement concerning pathway for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in Mortierella alpina has been made. In this review, we summarized the prophase work briefly. Mainly, we discussed the biosynthesis pathway of arachidonic acid, the key enzymes, the construction of transformation system and the genetic modification. In addition, the prospect of microorganism arachidonic acid production is put forward.