Toll样受体对病原寄生虫的天然免疫识别

Innate immune recognition of the pathogenic parasites by Toll-like receptors

摘要:

Toll样受体是机体天然免疫系统最重要的模式识别受体之一，通过识别病原寄生虫的病原相关分子模式，活化依赖和非依赖于髓样分化因子88的信号转导通路，诱导干扰素、炎症因子、趋化因子等的表达以及树突状细胞的成熟，抵御病原寄生虫的感染。因此，以下综述了Toll样受体对原病寄生虫，尤其对动物寄生性原虫与蠕虫感染的模式识别与天然免疫应答机制，以进一步理解病原寄生虫与宿主相互作用的复杂性，为寄生虫病的有效防治提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as major receptor components of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which are responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-derived pathogenic parasites. This recognition triggers the secretion of a large amount of type I interferons (IFNs), inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines and maturation of immune cells, for effective host defense by eradicating infectious parasites. Both the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and the TIR domain containing the adaptor molecule (TRIF) are involved in these signaling pathways. Here, we review the latest ?ndings on the recognition of the pathogenic parasites and activation of corresponding signaling pathways through TLRs, with special emphasis on the recognition of pathogenic protozoan and helminthes. By highlighting recent progress in these areas, we hope to provide references in future studies not only for the complexity of host-parasite interactions but also for the prevention of the pathogenic parasite infections.