麻疹病毒受体与病毒侵入

The receptors and entry of measles virus

摘要:

麻疹病毒是一种具囊膜的负链RNA病毒，两种主要的囊膜蛋白血凝素蛋白 (H) 和膜融合蛋白 (F) 表达在膜表面负责病毒侵入过程中与宿主受体的结合和膜融合过程。病毒囊膜蛋白与受体的相互作用是病毒侵入宿主的关键步骤，决定了病毒感染能力、种属和组织嗜性。因此，囊膜病毒与受体的结合位点往往成为重要的抗病毒药物的靶点。目前已发现的3种麻疹病毒受体包括CD46、SLAM和Nectin-4。以下将综述麻疹病毒受体的特征及在病毒侵入中的作用、麻疹病毒H蛋白与受体的相互作用机制，为抗病毒药物设计及麻疹病毒作为肿瘤治疗性载体的应用提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Measles virus is an enveloped virus with a non-segmented negative-sense RNA genome. Two envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface, namely hemagglutinin (H) and membrane fusion protein (F), are responsible for the virus entry into susceptible host cells. The specific interaction between H and its cellular receptors is a key step in successful virus infection, determining the infectivity and tissue tropism of the measles virus. Thus far, three H receptors have been identified, including the complement regulatory molecule CD46, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and the epithelial protein Nectin-4. Here, we reviewed our molecular understanding on the recognition mechanism of these receptors by the viral H protein, aiming to promote future studies on antiviral drug design and measles virus-based oncolytic therapy.