纤维素酶家族及其催化结构域分子改造的新进展

Molecular engineering of cellulase catalytic domain based on glycoside hydrolase family

摘要:

纤维素酶的分子改造是其催化性能改进及催化效率提升的重要手段。近年来，组学技术与结构测定技术的迅速发展，人们已建立了包括糖苷水解酶 (Glycoside hydrolase，GH) 在内的碳水化合物活性酶组分数据库。通过对同一蛋白家族进行序列比对、分子进化分析与祖先基因重构，以结构模建分析为指导的纤维素酶分子改造，可以明显缩小序列或结构的搜索空间，加快酶分子改造的速度，增大理性设计成功的概率；同时针对催化中心活性架构的分析可以进一步阐明纤维素酶的催化机理与酶分子持续性降解机制。文中主要对纤维素酶家族及其催化结构域的分子改造取得的最新进展作了综述。在后基因组时代基于蛋白质家族中的海量数据分析，以其保守结构信息为指导的理性设计，将会成为纤维素酶分子改造的重要方向，从而推动生物质转化工艺的快速发展。

Abstract:

Molecular engineering of cellulases can improve enzymatic activity and efficiency. Recently, the Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database (CAZy), including glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, has been established with the development of Omics and structural measurement technologies. Molecular engineering based on GH families can obviously decrease the probing space of target sequences and structures, and increase the odds of experimental success. Besides, the study of cellulase active-site architecture paves the way toward the explanation of catalytic mechanism. This review focuses on the main GH families and the latest progresses in molecular engineering of catalytic domain. Based on the combination of analysis of a large amount of data in the same GH family and their conservative active-site architecture information, rational design will be an important direction for molecular engineering and promote the rapid development of the conversion of biomass.