气相色谱-质谱联用技术及其在代谢组学中的应用

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its application in metabonomics

摘要:

代谢组学是以高通量、高灵敏度、高分辨率的现代仪器分析方法为手段，对细胞、体液、组织中所有代谢物进行无偏向的定性与定量分析的一门学科。气相色谱-质谱联用技术具有较高的检测灵敏度和鉴定准确度，通过标准谱图库的比对可对代谢物进行快速的鉴定，因此被广泛应用于生物样品的代谢产物的检测中。文中对近年来气相色谱-质谱联用技术的发展以及在代谢组学研究中取得的成果进行了综述。首先介绍了气相色谱-质谱联用技术的分类和常用的样品衍生化方法；继而从样品预处理、定性与定量分析、数据分析三方面介绍了气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析代谢物的方法，并系统地对该技术在微生物、植物、疾病诊断领域的应用实例进行了评述；最后提出了当前气相色谱-质谱联用技术在代谢组学研究中存在的问题并对后续的研究进行了展望。

Abstract:

Metabonomics involves the unbiased quantitative and qualitative analysis of the complete set of metabolites present in cells, body fluids and tissues (the metabolome) based on modern analytic technique with high throughput, high sensitivity, and high resolution. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to gain qualitative results of detected metabolites for biological samples as it provides superior distinguishability, detection sensitivity and integrated standard mass spectrometry library. In this article, the historic developments of GC-MS and its application in metabonomics in the past several years were reviewed. Firstly, the classification and the derivative methods of GC-MS were introduced. Subsequently, sample pretreatment process, qualitative and quantitative analysis and data analysis during detecting metabolites by GC-MS were introduced, then its application in microorganism, plant and disease diagnosis was systematically summarized. Finally, the problems in metabonomics study based on GC-MS and the research prospect in the future were discussed.