新型猪瘟疫苗研究进展

Progress in new-type vaccines against classical swine fever

摘要:

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起猪的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病。该病呈世界性分布，给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。目前，疫苗接种仍然是防控猪瘟的主要手段。虽然传统的猪瘟弱毒疫苗 (如C株) 安全有效，但猪瘟的临床表现发生了很大变化，呈现典型猪瘟和非典型猪瘟共存、隐性感染和持续感染并现，免疫失败的现象时有报道，且不能区分野毒感染和免疫接种。因此，研制安全、高效、能区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫动物 (DIVA) 的新型猪瘟疫苗极为必要。文中就近年来开发的核酸疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗、基于蛋白/肽的疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、嵌合瘟病毒疫苗等新型DIVA猪瘟疫苗作一综述

Abstract:

Classical swine fever (CSF), an acute and highly contagious disease of swine, is caused by classical swine fever virus. CSF is one of the most devastating diseases to the pig industry worldwide and results in serious economic losses. Currently prophylactic vaccination is still an important strategy for the control of CSF. Live attenuated vaccines (such as C-strain) are safe and effective. However, there are significant changes in the clinical features of CSF, displaying concurrent typical and atypical CSF, and simultaneous inapparent and persistent infections. Immunization failure has been reported frequently and it is difficult to distinguish between wild-type infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). So there is an urgent need to develop more effective and safer DIVA or marker vaccines for the control of CSF. In this review, some of the most recent advances in new-type vaccines against CSF, including DNA vaccines, live virus-vectored vaccines, protein or peptide-based vaccines, gene-deleted vaccines and chimeric pestivirus-based vaccines, are reviewed and discussed.