DNA组装新方法的研究进展

Perspective on the novel methods for DNA assembly

摘要:

2010年，蕈状支原体Mycoplasma mycoides的人工合成，迎来了合成生物学的崭新时代。这种突破性的进展主要得益于酵母自身强大的DNA体内重组能力。近几年来，除了利用体内重组的DNA大片段拼接技术，基于连接或聚合思想的不同尺度的DNA体外组装方法也相继出现，如Biobrick\Bglbrick、SLIC与Gibson等温一步法等，这些方法的应用加快了合成生物学功能元件库、生物合成途径乃至微生物染色体的人工构建。事实上，目前所建立的各种DNA组装方法，均是由DNA分子拼接理念 (包括两分子衔接思想与多片段组装模式) 衍生而来。文中将在介绍DNA组装基本理念的基础上，对体内、体外主要的DNA组装方法进行简要梳理，希望为不同类型的合成生物学功能器件及生物合成途径的构造提供参考与借鉴。

Abstract:

In 2010, the artificial synthesis of Mycoplasma mycoides triggers the new era of synthetic biology. This great breakthrough is achieved mainly thanks to the powerful DNA recombinant ability of yeast. In recent years, except for the methods used for large DNA assembly on the basis of in vivo homologous recombination, various different DNA assembly methods in vitro, based on the concept of DNA ligation or polymerization, have also been developed, such as Biobrick\BglBrick, SLIC and Gibson one-step assembly. Application of these new technologies has greatly accelerated the construction of synthetic part libraries, biosynthetic pathway and even microbial chromosomes. In fact, all DNA assembly methods are derived from the combinations of DNA joining and organizational schemes. This review describes the brief introduction of the main in vivo and in vitro DNA assembly protocols developed so for, which will benefit the construction of different types of synthetic functional devices and also biosynthetic pathways in the research of synthetic biology in China.