产溶剂梭菌分子遗传操作技术研究进展

Development in molecular genetic manipulation of solventogenic clostridia

摘要:

产溶剂梭菌是一类重要的工业微生物。通过遗传改造以优化产溶剂梭菌的发酵性能一直是溶剂制造技术研究的重要课题，但长期受限于该类菌并不完善的遗传操作工具，未见明显突破。近年来，随着TargeTron基因中断、大片段基因整合等新技术和新方法的出现，其分子遗传改造已取得较大进展。文中对产溶剂梭菌的分子遗传操作工具研究进展进行了总结，并指出了现有技术在效率及全面性方面的不足。基于此，今后应进一步优化现有的梭菌基因失活技术，如建立基于同源重组的基因删除和替换；同时也应发展新的分子操作技术，如基因组多位点共编辑、多拷贝定点和随机整合等。

Abstract:

Solventogenic clostridia are important industrial microorganisms. Optimization of the fermentation performance of solventogenic clostridia, through genetic modification, has always been considered as the main topic involved in solvents production. However, due to the incomplete genetic tools, no research breakthroughs have been achieved. In recent years, with the development of new technologies and methods (e.g. TargeTron gene knockout, large DNA fragment integration method), great progresses have been made towards genetic engineering solventogenic clostridia. In this review, we summarize the development of the genetic tools for solventogenic clostridial species, and simultaneously point out the shortages of the existing technologies in efficiency and comprehensiveness. Therefore, optimization of the existing technologies in gene inactivation in clostridia, such as establishing homologous exchange-based gene deletion and exchange, is still imperative; and in parallel, new genetic tools (e.g. multiplex genome editing, targeted or random multi-copy gene integration) should also be timely developed.