乙烯的直接生物合成

Direct biosynthesis of ethylene

摘要:

乙烯是世界上需求最大的化工原料，随着石油资源的日益枯竭和原油价格的不断攀升，生物乙烯迎来了重大发展机遇。文中主要比较两条生物乙烯合成途径——生物乙醇脱水制备乙烯途径 (即间接途径) 和生物乙烯的直接合成途径，重点论述了直接合成途径和途径中关键酶的性质、利用微生物直接合成生物乙烯的基因工程策略、工程化制造生物乙烯的前景及成功事例，并指出直接合成生物乙烯替代石化乙烯具有较大的市场潜力。

Abstract:

Ethylene is the most widely used petrochemical feedstock globally. The development of bio-ethylene is essential due to limited fossil fuels and rising oil prices. Bio-ethylene is produced primarily by the dehydration of ethanol, but can alternatively be directly produced from ethylene biosynthesis pathways in plants, algae, or microorganisms by using cheap and renewable substrates. This review addressed the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants and microorganisms, the characterization of key enzymes, genetic engineering strategies for ethylene biosynthesis in microorganisms, and evaluated its perspective and successful cases toward the industrial application. The direct production of bio-ethylene from a biological process in situ is promising to supplement and even replace the petrochemical ethylene production.