三种选育高乙醇耐受性工业酿酒酵母方法的比较

Comparison of three approaches to breed industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved ethanol tolerance

摘要:

由于乙醇耐性受多基因控制，因此需要从全基因组水平进行改造以期得到高乙醇耐受的突变体。文中分别使用紫外诱变、等离子体诱变及人工转录因子3种方法对工业酿酒酵母Sc4126进行改造，获得了乙醇耐性提高的突变体，并比较了3种方法的正突变率。人工转录因子文库转化的方法获得了最多数量的乙醇耐性突变体，高出紫外诱变和等离子体诱变方法1~2个数量级，且遗传稳定。研究结果表明，人工转录因子技术可以用于对工业酿酒酵母快速进行基因组工程改造。

Abstract:

Ethanol tolerance is related to the expression of multiple genes, and genome-based engineering approaches are much more efficient than manipulation of single genes. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) air plasma mutagenesis, and artificial transcription factor (ATF) technology were adopted to treat an industrial yeast strain S. cerevisiae Sc4126 to obtain mutants with improved ethanol tolerance. Mutants with high ethanol tolerance were obtained, and the ratio of positive mutants was compared. Among the three approaches, the rate of positive mutation obtained by ATF technology was 10- to 100-folds of that of the two other methods, with highest genetic stability, suggesting the ATF technology promising for rapid alteration of phenotypes of industry yeast strains for efficient ethanol fermentation.