专一营养与兼性甲烷氧化菌降解氯代烃的研究现状、动力学分析及展望

Advances in degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by obligate and facultative methanotrophs

摘要:

生物修复技术被认为是氯代烃类污染物处理处置的最有效途径之一，而甲烷氧化菌在该领域表现出较大的应用潜力。近期研究发现，突破了仅能利用单碳化合物的局限，兼性甲烷氧化菌能够利用多种底物降解氯代烃，这一独特的新陈代谢特性，使其在污染物生物处置领域逐渐受到关注。结合本课题组研究成果，对甲烷氧化菌降解氯代烃进行了全面总结，主要包括：分析了不同菌株 (纯菌株和混合菌株) 对不同氯代烃的降解效果；比较了不同类型甲烷单加氧酶在不同底物体系中的活性表达和催化特性；总结了模型菌株甲基弯菌Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b降解氯代烃的动力学特性；概述了兼性甲烷氧化菌株降解氯代烃的特性及其应用潜力；最后讨论了甲烷氧化菌降解氯代烃存在的问题及未来发展方向。

Abstract:

Bioremediation is one of the most effective ways to treat and dispose of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and methanotrophs are potentially useful to do so. Recent studies found that facultative methanotrophs can use compounds containing C-C bond as sources of carbon and energy, thus overcoming the limitation that obligate methanotrophsone uses only C1 compounds for this process. This is a unique metabolic approach that is becoming increasingly attractive in the field of contaminant biodegradation. Here, we summarized the bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by obligate and facultative methanotrophs. This process involves the degradation of various chlorinated hydrocarbons by diverse strains, including pure cultures and mixed cultures. We also compare the activity expression and catalytic properties of different types of methane monooxygenases in various substrates. We furthermore summarize the kinetic characteristics of the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons using the model strain Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, and outline the degradation and potential of chlorinated hydrocarbons by facultative methanotrophs. Lastly, we discuss current problems and future research directions for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by methanotrophs.