2014生物质炼制专刊序言

Preface for special issue on biomass refinery (2014)

摘要:

生物质是自然界最丰富的含碳有机大分子功能体，它有望通过“生物炼制”实现“石油炼制”的辉煌。但是由于生物质资源本身及其转化过程的复杂性，生物质产业虽备受关注，却被认为是遥远的未来产业。传统的生物质资源化利用思路都是先耗费一定的能量破坏生物质结构，然后再进行转化，不仅没有考虑到产品的功能需求，而且过程的原子经济性不高。如何实现化学键更加复杂的固相木质纤维素生物质炼制是实现生物质产业的关键和难点。理想的生物质炼制的目的是以最大得率分离木质纤维原料中各个组分，以尽可能地保持分子的完整性，以最大可能地优化利用和最终实现最大价值。这就要求生物质炼制应当是基于原料结构、过程转化和产品特点三者的关联，面向原料、面向过程、面向产品的炼制过程。本期专刊报道了我国生物质炼制技术领域专家学者在原料炼制、炼制技术、组分转化等领域取得的最新研究进展。

Abstract:

Biomass is the most abundant organic macromolecules in nature, which is expected to achieve the brilliant of biorefinery equivalent to petroleum refining. However, it is considered as the future industry to human due to the complicated composition and transformation processes. The traditional lignocellulose bio-refining thoughts ignored the functional requirements of products, but spent a lot of energies to destruct macromolecule into small molecules, and then converted the small molecules into different products, which was high energy consumption and low atom economy. How to realize the biorefinery of lignocellulose is the key point and difficulty to achieve the biomass industry. An ideal biorefinery of lignocellulose should as far as possibly to obtain the maximum yield of each component, to maintain the integrity of the molecule, to optimize the utilization of raw materials and finally to realize the maximum value. Therefore, it requires the raw materials refining of lignocellosic biomass should be based on the relationship of structure, process transformation and related product characteristics. This special issue reports the latest advances in the fields of raw material refinery, refining technologies, conversion technologies of component.