纤维素乙醇工程化探讨

Insights into engineering of cellulosic ethanol

摘要:

出于对能源安全、大气污染的担忧以及促进农村经济发展的考虑，世界许多国家使用乙醇作为含氧添加剂或交通运输燃料来替代汽油。纤维素乙醇生产原料丰富，且具有明显的低碳排放特性而备受关注。随着全球范围内几套大型纤维素乙醇示范装置的相继试车，工程化问题将得到解决，并有望在2015?2016年完成装置的经济性考核，逐步进入商业化阶段。为避免原料“与人争粮，与粮争地”，1代燃料乙醇将逐步向2代纤维素乙醇过渡。本文在综述近期国内外纤维素乙醇产业化概况的基础上，从化学工程和生物工程的角度对预处理、酶制剂及酶解工艺、戊糖/己糖共发酵菌株及工艺、装备等几个方面的技术进展进行剖析，讨论了工程化遇到的主要问题，探讨了我国纤维素乙醇技术的发展方向。

Abstract:

For energy security, air pollution concerns, coupled with the desire to sustain the agricultural sector and revitalize the rural economy, many countries have applied ethanol as oxygenate or fuel to supplement or replace gasoline in transportation sector. Because of abundant feedstock resources and effective reduction of green-house-gas emissions, the cellulosic ethanol has attracted great attention. With a couple of pioneers beginning to produce this biofuel from biomass in commercial quantities around the world, it is necessary to solve engineering problems and complete the economic assessment in 2015?2016, gradually enter the commercialization stage. To avoid “competing for food with humans and competing for land with food”, the 1st generation fuel ethanol will gradually transit to the 2nd generation cellulosic ethanol. Based on the overview of cellulosic ethanol industrialization from domestic and abroad in recent years, the main engineering application problems encountered in pretreatment, enzymes and enzymatic hydrolysis, pentose/hexose co-fermentation strains and processes, equipment were discussed from chemical engineering and biotechnology perspective. The development direction of cellulosic ethanol technology in China was addressed.