羧酶体结构及其CO2浓缩机制研究进展

Progress in structure and CO2-concentrating mechanism of carboxysomes

摘要:

羧酶体 (Carboxysome) 是高效的固碳微体，在CO2浓缩机制 (CO2-concentrating mechanism，CCM) 中发挥重要作用。在蓝藻及某些化能自养菌中，羧酶体作为类细胞器包裹1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶 (RubisCO) 和碳酸酐酶 (Carbonic anhydrase，CA)，它与无机碳转运蛋白共同在胞质中积累HCO3–，通过增加RubisCO周围的CO2浓度来提高固碳效率。随着羧酶体结构和功能的阐明，异源表达羧酶体已成功实现，并且已鉴定出编码羧酶体壳蛋白及内部组分的基因。首先简要介绍羧酶体的发现和种类，然后系统分析其结构及在CCM机制中的作用，并对其在代谢工程上的广阔应用前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Carboxysomes are extremely efficient microcompartments committed to CO2 fixation due to tailored CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). In cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, carboxysomes as organelle-like microbodies encapsulate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Together with active inorganic carbon uptake transporters, carboxysomes accumulate HCO3(-) in the cytoplasm, leading to high efficiency of carbon fixation. Based on the elucidation of structures and functionalities, heterologous production of carboxysomes has been achieved so far. In fact, the genes encoding either vacant carboxysome shell or only interior components have been characterized. This review summarizes the discovery along with types, showcases molecular structures and roles of carboxysomes in CCM, and presents their broad applications in metabolic engineering.