转座酶的人工改造与修饰

Modification and decoration of transposase: a review

摘要:

转座子是基因组中能发生移动和自主复制的DNA片段，随着人们在分子水平上对转座子结构和功能认识的不断深化，许多转座子已被改造为遗传分析的工具应用于基因功能分析、基因转化和基因治疗。然而，天然转座子的转座能力不高是转座子的开发和利用的主要障碍，近几年来，科学家们运用生物信息学和蛋白质工程相结合的方法来构建活性的转座酶，通过氨基酸优化的方法获得自然界不存在的超活性的转座酶，显著地提高了转座子的转座效率，应用于植物转基因和基因标签技术；另一方面，通过蛋白质融合技术构建转座酶嵌合体，改造转座子插入特性，实现其插入位点的人工调控，应用于基因治疗。

Abstract:

Transposons are the mobile and autonomic replication DNA fragments in genomes. With more understanding of the structure and function of transposons, numerous transposons have been developed to the genetics tool for gene function analysis, gene transformation and gene therapy. The low transpositional activity of the natural transposons is the main obstacles to the utilization of transposons. Recently, with the progress in bioinformatics and protein engineering methods, researchers have reconstructed and optimized natural transposases to create hyperactive transposases that catalyze the transposition with high efficiency. The resulted hyperactive transposons have been applied to gene-modification and gene-tagging. Meanwhile, transposase chimeras were created by protein fusion technology. The insertion characteristic of transposons were artificially regulated which could be utilized in gene therapy.