工业真菌中的交替氧化酶

Alternative oxidase in industrial fungi

摘要:

真菌是现代微生物发酵产业的主力军之一。交替呼吸途径 (Alternative respiration pathway, ARP)，以其非磷酸化电子传递途径，起到了能量溢流 (Energy overflow) 的作用，调节细胞能量代谢，平衡碳代谢和电子传递，有利于代谢产物的积累。 此外，交替呼吸对真菌的抗逆反应和条件致病菌的生理作用也都具有非常重要的影响。交替氧化酶 (Alternative oxidase, AOX) 是线粒体中交替呼吸途径的末端氧化酶，广泛存在于高等植物及部分真菌和藻类中。由于交替氧化酶对水杨氧肟酸 (Salicylhydroxamic acid, SHAM) 敏感而对细胞色素呼吸抑制剂氰化物不敏感，交替氧化酶AOX介导的交替呼吸途径又被称为抗氰呼吸途径 (Cyanide-resistant respiration, CRR)。近年来，研究交替呼吸途径和交替氧化酶已成为细胞呼吸代谢领域的热门课题。本文主要对真菌交替呼吸途径和交替氧化酶的结构与其在工业真菌体内功能的最新研究进展作一简要的综述。

Abstract:

Filamentous fungi have been used in industrial fermentation extensively. Based on non-phosphorylating electron transport process, alternative respiration pathway (ARP) acts as an energy overflow, which can balance carbon metabolism and electron transport, allow the continuance of tricarboxylic acid cycle without the formation of ATP, and permit the turnover of carbon skeletons. Alternative respiration pathway also plays an important role in the stress response of fungi and the physiological function of conditioned pathogen. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is the terminal oxidase responsible for the activity of alternative respiration pathway, which exists widely in higher plants, parts of fungi and algae. Owing to the property that alternative oxidase (AOX) is sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and insensitive to conventional inhibitors of cytochrome respiration, alternative respiration pathway by AOX is also named as cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR). In recent years, the study of the alternative respiration pathway and alternative oxidase has been a hot topic in the area involving cellular respiration metabolism. In this review we summarized the latest research advances about the functions of alternative respiration pathway and alternative oxidase in industrial fungi.