生物合成对羟基苯甲酸的研究进展

Recent advances in biosynthesis of 4-hydroxybenzaote

摘要:

对羟基苯甲酸 (4-Hydroxybenzoate, 4HBA) 是用途广泛的有机原料，现行的生产工艺是以石油成分合成而得，在环境污染不断恶化、人类生存已经面临威胁之际，开发利用可再生资源的生产工艺已成为全球当务之急。本综述在简要介绍从石油成分合成4HBA之后，主要阐述利用植物和微生物从可再生资源合成4HBA的研究进展。莽草酸途径是生物合成芳香族化合物的重要途径，从该途径的最终产物分支酸到4HBA有两条途径。一条是分支酸裂解酶直接催化分支酸生成4HBA (莽草酸-分支酸路线)。另外一条途径是在植物细胞内引入荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens的对羟基肉桂酸-CoA裂解酶打通从苯丙素合成4HBA的通路 (植物苯丙素路线)。最后介绍了一个天然合成积累4HBA的微泡菌Microbulbifer，并对其深入研究进行了展望。

Abstract:

4-Hydroxybenzoate (4HBA) is an important chemical compound used for synthesis of liquid crystal. Production of 4HBA from renewable resources is an effective mean to solve problems such as environmental pollution and petroleum shortage. This review briefly introduces the chemical synthesis of 4HBA from oil compounds, and mainly describes the progress in 4HBA biosynthesis from renewable resources by plants and microorganisms. In most intriguing aspect of plant-based synthesis of 4HBA is the appeal of directly synthesizing a chemical from CO2. However, the glucosylation system in plant cells converting 4HBA to glucose conjugates, causing the post treatment a problem. The recombinant microorganisms produce pure 4HBA, but less efficient. A new strain of Microbulbifer has ability to naturally accumulate 4HBA from glucose. Elucidation of the metabolic pathways and regulation systems would improve 4HBA synthesis efficiency.