工业微生物基因组编辑技术的研究进展

Genome editing of industrial microorganism

摘要:

近年来，基因组范围的高效编辑技术发展迅速，对工业微生物基因组的改造效率不断提升，彻底改变了以“一次操作、一个抗性基因、一个修饰位点”为特征的传统遗传操作模式，实现了基因组上多重位点的同步编辑，精确高效且无需抗生素辅助的插入替换或删除，以及大片段基因组DNA的剪切-粘贴等。这些技术的应用，能够高效构建优良性能的生产菌株，必将推动传统发酵产业的革新，促进以新能源和新材料为基础的新型工业生物技术的发展。本文针对这些新技术的原理和特点，结合一些典型应用实例，进行分析和总结，希望能为工业微生物的改造与构建提供参考与借鉴。

Abstract:

Genome editing is defined as highly-effective and precise modification of cellular genome in a large scale. In recent years, such genome-editing methods have been rapidly developed in the field of industrial strain improvement. The quickly-updating methods thoroughly change the old mode of inefficient genetic modification, which is “one modification, one selection marker, and one target site”. Highly-effective modification mode in genome editing have been developed including simultaneous modification of multiplex genes, highly-effective insertion, replacement, and deletion of target genes in the genome scale, cut-paste of a large DNA fragment. These new tools for microbial genome editing will certainly be applied widely, and increase the efficiency of industrial strain improvement, and promote the revolution of traditional fermentation industry and rapid development of novel industrial biotechnology like production of biofuel and biomaterial. The technological principle of these genome-editing methods and their applications were summarized in this review, which can benefit engineering and construction of industrial microorganism.