我国转基因作物育种发展回顾与思考

Review of transgenic crop breeding in China

摘要:

文章综述了近30年来我国转基因作物育种发展历程和基本经验，并以实例说明我国已初步建成了世界上为数不多的转基因育种创新和产业开发体系，包括基因发掘、遗传转化、良种培育、产业开发，应用推广以及安全评价等关键环节；棉花、水稻、玉米等作物转基因研究创新能力得到进一步提升，初步形成了自己的研究特色和比较优势。本文对转基因作物育种当前存在的问题与面对的挑战进行了分析，提出了推进重大研究成果产业化、加快重大专项实施和自主创新、加强转基因科学传播等三点建议。

Abstract:

The development history and fundamental experience of transgenic crops (Genetically modified crops) breeding in China for near 30 years were reviewed. It was illustrated that a scientific research, development and industrialization system of transgenic crops including gene discovery, transformation, variety breeding, commercialization, application and biosafety assessment has been initially established which was few in number in the world. The research innovative capacity of transgenic cotton, rice and corn has been lifted. The research features as well as relative advantages have been initially formed. The problems and challenges of transgenic crop development were discussed. In addition, 3 suggestions of promoting commercialization, speeding up implementation of the Major National Project of GM Crops, and enhancing science communication were made.