工业微生物酸胁迫的耐受机制及改造途径

Pathway modification of industrial microorganisms to improve acid-stress tolerance

摘要:

工业微生物在发酵生产过程中会面对发酵环境和自身产生的各类酸性物质，而这些酸性物质会影响工业微生物的生长和代谢，即产生酸胁迫。微生物通过调控胞内质子浓度、保护和修复生物大分子、改变细胞膜组分以及整体水平调控等耐受机制来应对酸胁迫。结合酸胁迫的各种耐受机制，利用自然筛选和人工改造的方法提高工业微生物的抗酸胁迫能力，为构建出更能适应工业生产条件的菌株提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Different types of acids from fermentation environment or industrial microorganisms exist during fermentation process. Acids may inhibit growth and metabolism of industrial strains, namely acid stress. The tolerance mechanisms of acid stress include regulation of intracellular proton concentration, protection and restoration of intracellular macromolecules, changes in cell membrane composition and acid stress response at whole cell level. Screening and modification methods have been applied to improve acid-stress tolerance of industrial strains for decades. In this review, we provide insights into acid-stress tolerance of industrial microorganisms and address the modification of microbial pathways to improve acid-stress tolerance.