甲型流感病毒感染过程中干扰素介导的天然免疫应答机制

Mechanisms underlying interferon-mediated host innate immunity during influenza A virus infection

摘要:

甲型流感病毒作为引起人类和动物急性呼吸道传染病的一个主要病原体，在世界范围内广泛流行。研究表明，甲型流感病毒感染宿主后会诱导宿主的天然免疫应答。甲型流感病毒感染可引起Toll样受体 (Toll like receptors，TLRs) 和RIG-I样受体 (RIG-I like receptors，RLRs) 等宿主模式识别受体介导的抗病毒信号通路的活化，并在多种机制调控下诱导干扰素和其他细胞因子的表达，如Ⅰ型干扰素、Ⅲ型干扰素等，从而启动干扰素刺激基因 (Interferon stimulated genes，ISGs) 的转录及其抗病毒蛋白的表达，进而实现抗病毒作用。本文就甲型流感病毒感染与干扰素介导的天然免疫应答相关的信号通路和调控机制进行综述。

关键词:甲型流感病毒，天然免疫，模式识别受体，干扰素，干扰素刺激基因

Abstract:

Influenza A virus can create acute respiratory infection in humans and animals throughout the world, and it is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that influenza A virus infection induces rapidly host innate immune response. Influenza A virus triggers the activation of signaling pathways that are dependent on host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs). Using a variety of regulatory mechanisms, these signaling pathways activate downstream transcript factors that control expression of various interferons and cytokines, such as type I and type III interferons. Thus, these interferons stimulate the transcript of relevant interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and expression of the antiviral proteins, which are critical components of host innate immunity. In this review, we will highlight the mechanisms by which influenza A virus infection induces the interferon-mediated host innate immunity.

Key words:influenza A virus, innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, interferons, interferon-stimulated genes