高通量测序技术在食品微生物研究中的应用

Application of next generation sequencing in studying food microorganisms–a review

摘要:

高通量测序技术的快速发展对食品微生物发酵过程和机制研究产生了深刻的影响，主要体现在食品微生物生理功能、代谢能力和进化的研究以及食品微生物群落结构、动态变化及其对环境的响应机制等方面。另外，通过对食品微生物基因组和元基因组进行数据分析，也对食品发酵过程优化、微生物功能改造、食源性微生物疾病预防和控制等提供了重要的依据。本文总结了近年来利用高通量测序技术对食品微生物基因组和元基因组进行测序的研究，并探讨了测序技术的发展对食品微生物研究的影响及发展趋势。

Abstract:

Next generation sequencing technology has revolutionized studies in fermentation process, in particular, to explore the mechanism by which food microorganisms, including physiology, metabolic pathways, diversity and dynamic changes of microbial community. In addition, phylogenetic characteristics of different species or strains of the food microorganisms are disclosed. All these aspects will help explain how the microbes are interacting and responding to environmental factors. Bioinformatics analysis of genome and metagenome sequence data of food microorganisms could provide essential clues to improve fermentation process and function of microbes as well as control and prevention of foodborne disease outbreak. In this review, we summarized recent genomics and metagenomics studies on food microorganisms. The impact of next generation sequencing for the development and trends of food microorganism researches were discussed in details.