丝状真菌纤维素酶合成诱导及转录调控

Induction and regulation of cellulase expression in filamentous fungi: a review

摘要:

利用廉价可再生木质纤维素资源水解产生的可发酵糖生产生物能源和生物基化学品是近年来国内外研究的热点。纤维素酶酶解是木质纤维素原料生物降解的重要手段，但目前纤维素酶生产成本过高，限制了纤维素生物转化和生物炼制的工业化应用。对丝状真菌纤维素酶基因表达和调控进行研究，有利于进一步选育纤维素酶高产菌株，降低纤维素酶生产成本。随着高通量测序及丝状真菌遗传操作等技术的进步，对丝状真菌纤维素酶诱导和基因表达调控机理有了更深入的认识。本文综述了近年来丝状真菌纤维素酶诱导和纤维素酶基因表达调控的最新进展，重点论述糖转运蛋白、转录因子和染色质重塑对纤维素酶表达调控的影响，并对利用人工锌指蛋白进行纤维素酶诱导机制研究进行了展望。

关键词:纤维素酶，基因表达调控，转录因子，里氏木霉

Abstract:

Production of bioenergy and bio-based chemicals by using fermentable sugars released from economic and renewable lignocellulosic biomass has received great attention. Efficient cellulolytic enzymes are crucial for lignocellulose bioconversion, but high cellulase production cost is limiting the bioconversion efficiency of cellulosic biomass and industrial applications of lignocellulose biorefinery. Studies on induction and regulation of cellulase in filamentous fungi will help to further develop superior fungal strains for efficient cellulase production and reduce cellulase production cost. With the advances in high-throughput sequencing and gene manipulation technology using fungal strains, an in-depth understanding of cellulase induction and regulation mechanisms of enzyme expression has been achieved. We reviewed recent progresses in the induction and regulation of cellulase expression in several model filamentous fungi, emphasizing sugar transporters, transcription factors and chromatin remodeling. Future prospects in application of artificial zinc finger proteins for cellulase induction and regulation in filamentous fungi were discussed.

Key words:cellulase, gene expression and regulation, transcription factor, Trichoderma reesei