合成生物学技术在材料科学中的应用

Applications of synthetic biology in materials science

摘要:

材料是人类赖以生存与发展的物质基础，科技和社会的进步都离不开材料技术的发展，未来先进材料的合成和制备必然朝着绿色可持续、低耗高产出、精细可调控、高效多功能的方向发展。以“基因调控·工程设计”为核心的合成生物学技术从分子、细胞层面极大地推动了生命科学的发展，也已经并继续为材料科学的发展注入新的思路和活力。本文将围绕合成生物学技术在材料科学中的应用，以基因回路设计为核心，概念应用为线索，重点介绍合成生物学技术在高分子生物材料和无机纳米材料领域的开发和生产，细胞展示和蛋白定向进化战略对分子材料的筛选和优化，“活体”功能材料、工程菌调节的人工光合系统功能材料体系以及基因回路在材料科学中的应用。

Abstract:

Materials are the basis for human being survival and social development. To keep abreast with the increasing needs from all aspects of human society, there are huge needs in the development of advanced materials as well as high-efficiency but low-cost manufacturing strategies that are both sustainable and tunable. Synthetic biology, a new engineering principle taking gene regulation and engineering design as the core, greatly promotes the development of life sciences. This discipline has also contributed to the development of material sciences and will continuously bring new ideas to future new material design. In this paper, we review recent advances in applications of synthetic biology in material sciences, with the focus on how synthetic biology could enable synthesis of new polymeric biomaterials and inorganic materials, phage display and directed evolution of proteins relevant to materials development, living functional materials, engineered bacteria-regulated artificial photosynthesis system as well as applications of gene circuits for material sciences.