真核生物来源漆酶的异源表达研究进展

Advance of heterologous expression study of eukaryote-origin laccases

摘要:

漆酶属于多铜氧化酶家族中的一种，广泛存在于昆虫、植物、真菌和细菌中。由于其作用的底物范围较广，因此在纺织、制浆、食品以及木质素的降解等方面有广阔的应用前景。但是自然界中的漆酶存在表达量和酶活低、高温易失活等问题，限制了它的应用。对漆酶进行大量高效的异源表达，是解决这一问题的有效途径。近年来，越来越多不同来源的漆酶基因被克隆，并在不同宿主中异源表达。但这些大都局限于实验室研究，还未达到工业化生产的水平。笔者对真核生物来源漆酶的异源表达研究进展进行综述，重点介绍了真核生物来源的漆酶在不同表达系统中的异源表达情况以及在酵母细胞中表达漆酶时提高表达量和酶活性能的方法，以期为研究者们提供参考。

Abstract:

Laccases are enzymes belonging to the group of multi-copper oxidases. These enzymes are widely distributed in insects, plants, fungi and bacteria. In general, laccases can oxidize an exceptionally high number of substrates, so they have broad applications in textile, pulp, food and the degradation of lignin. However, low yield, low activity and thermo-instability of laccase in nature limit the application of laccase. High efficient heterologous expression of the protein is an effective way for solving this problem. Here, we summarize the research advances of heterologous expression of eukaryote-origin laccases. We focus on the overexpression of eukaryote-origin laccases using different expression system and the method for improving the production yield and enzyme activity in yeast cells. Information provided in this review would be helpful for researchers in the field.