异戊二烯合成酶研究进展

Advances in isoprene synthase research

摘要:

异戊二烯 (Isoprene) 的排放具有特殊的生物学功能，对大气环境具有重要影响，另外，异戊二烯也是一种具有广泛用途的化合物。在生物体内，异戊二烯是由异戊二烯合成酶 (Isoprene synthase，Isps) 催化烯丙基二磷酸 (Dimethylallyl diphosphate，DMAPP) 脱去焦磷酸 (Pyrophosphate) 而生成的。因此，作为异戊二烯合成过程中的关键酶，Isps在异戊二烯的自然排放和生物合成过程都发挥着重要的作用，对Isps的研究具有非常重要的意义。到目前为止，已经在多种植物中发现了该酶，研究表明，来源于不同生物的异戊二烯合成酶具有保守的结构特征和相似的生化性质。文中就Isps的最新研究进展进行综述，包括比较分析不同生物来源Isps的生化特征和结构特征，探讨催化机制，并对该酶在生物工程领域的应用进行展望。

关键词:异戊二烯，异戊二烯合成酶，生化特征，结构特征，催化机制

Abstract:

Isoprene emission can lead to significant consequence for atmospheric chemistry. In addition, isoprene is a chemical compound for various industrial applications. In the organisms, isoprene is produced by isoprene synthase that eliminates the pyrophosphate from the dimethylallyl diphosphate. As a key enzyme of isoprene formation, isoprene synthase plays an important role in the process of natural emission and artificial synthesis of isoprene. So far, isoprene synthase has been found in various plants. Isoprene synthases from different sources are of conservative structural and similar biochemical properties. In this review, the biochemical and structural characteristics of isoprene synthases from different sources were compared, the catalytic mechanism of isoprene synthase was discussed, and the perspective application of the enzyme in bioengineering was proposed.

Key words:isoprene, isoprene synthase, biochemical characteristics, structure features, catalytic mechanism