溶解性多糖单加氧酶的研究进展

Progress in lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase

摘要:

木质纤维素是地球上储藏量最为丰富的可再生生物资源。将木质纤维素酶解成寡糖或单糖是生物质利用的关键。然而，传统的糖苷水解酶很难对其进行有效降解。溶解性多糖单加氧酶是一种全新的生物质降解酶，丰富了生物质降解的模式。它以氧化方式作用于糖链，产生更多的还原端以便糖苷水解酶能进一步进行催化。本文综述了LPMO的发现历史、分类、作用机制与活性测定方法，并讨论了LPMO在饲料添加剂、功能性食品与生物能源等领域的应用前景。

Abstract:

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable biomass resource. Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulose into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides is the key to exploit lignocellulosic biomass. However, traditional glycoside hydrolases are insufficient to degrade lignocellulose. The emergence of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, a novel enzyme for lignocellulose degradation, has enriched the deconstruction schema and accelerated the enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides, by introducing new chain breaks that allow hydrolases to initiate further degradation. Here, we review the discovery, classification and catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, as well as the methods for assaying its activity. The prospect for its application in feed additive, functional food and biofuel development is further discussed.