氯代脂肪烃生物与非生物共促降解机制研究进展

Advances in biotic and abiotic mutual promoting mechanism for chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons degradation

摘要:

氯代脂肪烃 (Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons，CAHs) 具有高毒性、高富集性、高环境残留的特点和致癌、致畸、致突变效应，对人体健康和生态环境造成了严重危害。CAHs降解是生物和非生物过程共同作用的结果，存在多种交互作用，明晰CAHs的生物与非生物共促降解机制对于强化CAHs污染场地修复具有重要意义。文中首先对CAHs降解方式进行了分类介绍，按照还原脱氯、好氧共代谢和直接氧化三种方式总结了影响CAHs降解的典型生物与非生物降解因子。从共促降解的角度出发，系统分析并提出了诱导降解机制和协同降解机制，并对基于共促机制强化CAHs降解的工程应用与存在的技术局限进行了综述和分析，最后对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) with characteristics of high toxicity, biological accumulation and recalcitrance to degradation as well as carcinogenicity, teratogenesis and mutagenicity, are seriously harmful to human health and ecological environment. CAHs degradation depends on biotic and abiotic responses that exist diversified interactive effects, so it is important to clarify the mechanism of CAHs degradation via biotic and abiotic mutual promoting to significantly enhance the CAHs-contaminated site restoration. In this work, a series of pathways for CAHs degradation was first introduced and summarized as three means on reductive dechlorination, aerobic cometabolism and direct oxidation, and biotic and abiotic typical factors affecting CAHs degradation were concluded from these. Then, mechanisms of induced degradation and synergistic degradation were indicated from the perspective of mutual promoting degradation both with biotic and abiotic responses, and furthermore, the application and technical limitations of CAHs degradation enhanced via biotic and abiotic mutual promoting were reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the development of CAHs degradation technology in future was prospected.